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NGINX + TOMCAT配置负载均衡

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NGINX是一个反向代理工具，可以代理很多http请求给目的服务器。同时也可以实现负载均衡。

Nginx是一款轻量级的Web 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件（IMAP/POP3）代理服务器，并在一个BSD-like 协议下发行。由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev所开发，供俄国大型的入口网站及搜索引擎Rambler（俄文：Рамблер）使用。其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强，事实上nginx的并发能力确实在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好，中国大陆使用nginx网站用户有：百度、京东、新浪、网易、腾讯、淘宝等。

CENTOS准备工作

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yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make gcc-c++

# install pcre
[root@localhost ]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost ]# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.21.tar.gz
[root@localhost ]# tar -zxvf pcre-8.21.tar.gz
[root@localhost ]# cd pcre-8.21
[root@localhost ]# ./configure
[root@localhost ]# make
[root@localhost ]# make install

NGINX安装和配置

  • 安装nginx

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    # install nginx 
    [root@localhost ]# cd /
    [root@localhost ]# mkdir soft
    [root@localhost ]# cd soft
    [root@localhost ]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz
    [root@localhost ]# tar -xzvf nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz
    [root@localhost ]# mv nginx-1.10.1 /usr/local 
    [root@localhost ]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.10.1
    [root@localhost ]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module
    [root@localhost ]# make && make install

    —prefix=/usr/local/nginx 代表mginx安装目录

  • 开放端口
    由于CENTOS默认开启防火墙，我们需要手动开放端口。

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    [root@localhost ]# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

  • 配置文件

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    [root@localhost ]# cd nginx/
    [root@localhost ]# vim conf/nginx.conf
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user  root paul;                                                                                        
worker_processes  1;                                                                                    
                                                                                                        
#error_log  logs/error.log;                                                                             
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;                                                                     
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;                                                                       
                                                                                                        
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;                                                                             
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                        
events {                                                                                                
    worker_connections  1024;                                                                           
}                                                                                                       
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                        
http {                                                                                                  
    include       mime.types;                                                                           
    default_type  application/octet-stream;                                                             
                                                                                                        
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '                          
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '                                      
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';                                    
                                                                                                        
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;                                                                 
                                                                                                        
    sendfile        on;                                                                                 
    #tcp_nopush     on;                                                                                 
                                                                                                        
    #keepalive_timeout  0;                                                                              
    keepalive_timeout  65;                                                                              
                                                                                                        
    gzip  on;                                                                                           
    #   upstream tomcatCluster{                                                                         
    #   server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1;                                                                 
    #}                                                                                                  
                                                                                                        
    upstream tomcatCluster { # (1).随便命名   
        # 可设置多个tomcat服务器  转发权重                                                               
        server          127.0.0.1:8080  weight=1;      
        # server          127.0.0.1:8081  weight=2;                                                 
    }                                                                                                   
                                                                                                        
    server {                                                                                            
        listen       80;                    
    # (3)localhost可以不改                                                                               
        server_name  localhost;                                                                         
                                                                                                        
        #charset koi8-r;                                                                                
                                                                                                        
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;                                                        
                                                                                                        
        #location / {                                                                                   
        #    root   html;                                                                               
        #    index  index.html index.htm;                                                               
        #}                                                                                              
        location / {     
    #(2)对于上面的(1)处的名字                                                                           
                proxy_pass       http://tomcatCluster;                                                  
                proxy_set_header Host      $host;                                                       
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;                                                
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;                            
                proxy_redirect default ;                                                                
                proxy_redirect  default;                                                                
        }                                                                                               
        #error_page  404              /404.html;                                                        
                                                                                                        
        #redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html                                       
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;                                                        
        location = /50x.html {                                                                          
            root   html;                                                                                
        }                                                                                               
                                                                                                        
        location ~ .(jsp|jspx|do)?$ {                                                                   
                proxy_set_header Host $host;                                                            
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;                                                
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;                            
                proxy_pass http://tomcatCluster;                                                        
        }                                                                                               
                                                                                                        
        location ~ .*.(htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ioc|rar|zip|txt|flv|mid|doc|ppt|pdf|xls|mp3|wma
        {  expires 15d; }                                                                               
                                                                                                        
        location ~ .*.(js|css)?$                                                                        
            { expires 1h; }                                                                             
                                                                                                        
        }                                                                                               
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80                                     
        #                                                                                               
        #location ~ \.php$ {                                                                            
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;                                                             
        #}                                                                                              
                                                                                                        
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000                            
        #                                                                                               
        #location ~ \.php$ {                                                                            
        #    root           html;                                                                       
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;                                                             
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;                                                                  
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;                              
        #    include        fastcgi_params;                                                             
        #}                                                                                              
                                                                                                        
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root                                     
        # concurs with nginx's one                                                                      
        #                                                                                               
        #location ~ /\.ht {                                                                             
        #    deny  all;                                                                                 
        #}                                                                                              
    }                                                                                                   
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                        
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration                        
    #                                                                                                   
    #server {                                                                                           
    #    listen       8000;                                                                             
    #    listen       somename:8080;                                                                    
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;                                                   
                                                                                                        
    #    location / {                                                                                   
    #        root   html;                                                                               
    #        index  index.html index.htm;                                                               
    #    }                                                                                              
    #}                                                                                                  
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                        
    # HTTPS server                                                                                      
    #                                                                                                   
    #server {                                                                                           
    #    listen       443 ssl;                                                                          
    #    server_name  localhost;                                                                        
                                                                                                        
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;                                                                 
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;                                                                 
                                                                                                        
    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;                                                            
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;                                                                       
                                                                                                        
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;                                                                 
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;                                                                 
                                                                                                        
    #    location / {                                                                                   
    #        root   html;                                                                               
    #        index  index.html index.htm;                                                               
    #    }                                                                                              
    #}

TOMCAT

  • 安装tomcat

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    # install tomcat
    [root@localhost ]# cd /soft
    [root@localhost ]# wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.70/bin/apache-[root@localhost ]# tomcat-7.0.70.tar.gz
    [root@localhost ]# tar xzvf apache-tomcat-6.0.41.tar.gz
    [root@localhost ]# mv apache-tomcat-6.0.41/ /usr/local
    [root@localhost ]# cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.41
    [root@localhost ]# sh bin/startup.sh

  • 开放端口
    如果修改了conf/server.xml文件启动端口，则相应的nginx.conf和下面的8080都要改变

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    [root@localhost ]# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
  • 如果出现下面的信息代表启动成功
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    Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70
    Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70
    Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/temp
    Using JRE_HOME:        /
    Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
    Using CATALINA_PID:    /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/logs/tomcat.pid
    Existing PID file found during start.
    Removing/clearing stale PID file.
    Tomcat started.

基本命令

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[root@localhost ]# ./sbin/nginx -s reload  # 重启nginx
[root@localhost ]# vi [filename] # 新建文件
[root@localhost ]# > [filename] # 清空文件内容
[root@localhost ]# ps -ef|grep tomcat #查询进程
[root@localhost ]# kill -9 [pid] #杀死进程
[root@localhost ]# chmod +xw [filename] # 新增执行和写入权限